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Textile Exports
The Exports of Indian textile continues to hold an important role in the Indian exports. The data about export targets for 1999-2000 and the latest status of exports is given in the table below. Export of Textiles 1999-2000 (Upto December 1999) Value:
$ Million
Rs. Million
1.Source: Export
Promotion Councils and Commodity Boards
SECTORWISE ANALYSIS Exports of Cotton Textiles Exports of cotton textiles have shown an increase at a compound annual rate of growth (CARG) of 20% during 1992-93 to 1996-97. In the year 1997-98, however, exports slowed down considerably, recording a modest growth of 4.4%. In the fiscal year 1998-99 exports recorded a performance of US$ 3.91 billion recording a decline of (-) 2.4% over the previous year. In the first nine
months (April-December ‘99) of the current financial year, exports have
reached US$ 3013.8 million as against US$ 2913.7million during these months
in the previous year, marking a growth of around 3.4%. A further analysis
of the export data for the months of April to December, 1999 shows that
while April marked a steep decline in exports, in subsequent months exports
have increased.
Targets and Achievements Based on the performance
during the year 1998-99, the target of US$ 4500 million was fixed for the
year 1999-2000. Against this target, the achievement of US$ 3013.8 million
comes to about 67%. Based on the current export trend, the export target
is expected to be achieved.
Cotton Yarn Exports of cotton yarn have shown a phenomenal growth in recent years rising from US$ 403 million in 1992-93 to US$ 1578 million in 1997-98 marking an increase of about 290% during these six years. During this period, the share of cotton yarn in total export of textiles also rose from 7.2% to 15% (excluding Handicrafts, Jute & Coir). Exports started declining from early 1998 recording a fall of 8% in terms of quantity and 15% in value during the year 1998. During the fiscal year 1998-99 exports declined by 10.10% in terms of value (in US dollar terms). However, quantity increased by 0.22%. The declining trend in cotton yarn exports was somewhat arrested in the last quarter of the previous year and during the first nine months of current fiscal year (April-December, 1999), the exports have risen by 7.4% during these nine months. The principal reason
for the sharp decline in yarn exports during 1998 was the melt-down in
the S.E. Asian markets which account for almost 49% of yarn exports and
22% of total cotton textile exports. Current reports indicate that exports
to Korea, Malaysia, Taiwan and other markets like Israel, Canada, Poland
and Russia have shown a rising trend. Given these trends, exports of cotton
yarn are expected to be a record high during the current year.
Readymade Garments Exports of readymade
garments during April-December, 1999 amounted to US$ 3734.3 million registering
a growth of 1.5% as compared to the corresponding period of last year.
With reference to targets fixed for the year 1999-2000, the achievement
of targets upto December is about 62.2%. The main markets of exports are
USA, EU, Canada and the UAE. The exports to USA have declined both in quantity
and value terms. However, exports to all other countries have registered
growth as per the latest available trends.
Quota Administration The international trade in textiles and clothing was regulated by special arrangements for 40 years outside the rules of General Agreement on Tariff and Trade (GATT). The framework of Multi-Fibre Arrangement (MFA) applied to international trade in textiles and clothing for the period 1974 to 1994. India has entered into bilateral agreements with USA, Canada, EU etc. exports to which account for a major share of total exports of Indian textiles. Consequent upon the establishment of the World Trade Organisation (WTO) with effect from 1.1.1995, the quantitative restrictions in the bilateral agreements under the MFA are being governed by the Agreement on Textiles and Clothing (ATC) contained in the final Act of the Uruguay Round negotiations. The quota regime in the textile sectors is scheduled to be completely phased out by the end of 2004 AD. The Ministry of Textiles
has announced Garments and Knitwear Export Entitlement (Quota) Policy 2000-2004
and Yarn, Fabrics and Made-ups Export Entitlement (Quota) Policy 2000-2004
on 12th November, 1999. The break up of quota allocation under various
systems for export of yarn, readymade garments and other textiles is given
in the table below.
As indicated in the table, the available quotas are distributed under different systems of allocations such as Past Performance Entitlement (PPE), First Come First Served Entitlement (FCFS), Manufacturers Exporters’ Entitlement (MEE), Non-Quota Entitlement (NQE), Powerloom Exporters’ Entitlement (PEE), New Investors’ Entitlement (NIE) etc. Export Entitlement (Quota) Policy in respect of garments and knitwear is implemented by Apparel Export Promotion Council (AEPC) and Wool & Woollen Export Promotion Council, whereas in the implementation of Export Entitlement (Quota) Policy in respect of Yarn, Fabrics and Made-ups, three Export Promotion Councils namely Cotton Textiles Export Promotion Council, Synthetic & Rayon Export Promotion Council and Wool & Woollen Export Promotion Council are involved. Some of the other salient features of the new policy notification can be listed as follows:- a) Textual uniformity has been brought about in the Notifications covering textiles & clothing. b) The Quota for New Investment (MEE or NIE) would be linked to plant and machinery identified as necessary for technological upgradation under the Technological Upgradation Fund Scheme. It is also being stipulated that the exported goods should be related to such new investment. c) The new Notifications have introduced the concept of the periodic utilisation. The allotments under various systems, under the new policy, will be made in two parts. The allotments of the first part will have to be utilised by 31st May, however, with a relaxation that the shipment can be effected by 20th of June. The quotas which are not utilised by this date will lapse. d) The NQE system has been abolished in the case of textile sector while it has been kept in the case of apparel sector. It is because of the fact that non-quota exports in case of apparel sector need to be encouraged further. e) In case of apparel exports, the transfers can be effected only through Electronic Transfer System (ETS) f) The appeal procedures have been made more explicit and time for taking the decisions has been prescribed. To avoid frivolous appeals, a nominal fee for appeals has been introduced. g) The power of Textile Commissioner to give extension in the period for utilisation of FCFS is being reduced from 5 days to 3 days for the apparel sector to bring it in uniformity with the provisions in case of the Textile Sector. h) The provision of LUT (Legal Undertaking) has been modified to bring it in line with the provision incorporated in the EXIM Policy through Customs Notification. Therefore, the facility of LUT will be available to status exporters like Export Houses, Trading Houses etc. as also to Manufacturer Exporters who have not been penalised during the period of previous Export Quota Policy as well as current Export Quota Policy. i) In the Textile Sector the time period for utilisation of Ready Goods Entitlement (RGE) is presently 30 days. This creates problems for certain categories of exporters particularly those sending dyed yarn. The period is being increased to 50 days. j) Instead of two
separate Co-ordination Committees, there will only be one Co-ordination
Committee under the chairmanship of JS (Exports) so that all the problems
relating to exports or interpretation of the Policy are resolved and uniformity
in procedures is maintained.
Exports Promotion Measures In order to encourage upgradation of Textiles Sector and to give a fillip to exports of Textiles products, some of the steps taken are as under: i) Setting up of ‘Technology Upgradation Fund (TUF)’ for Textiles Sector:- The Ministry of Textiles has set up Technology Upgradation Fund Scheme for Textiles and Jute Industries. This will encourage modernisation of textile industry and consequently its competitiveness in the international market. ii) Extending the facility of importing Textiles Machinery under zero duty concession by reducing the threshold limit from Rs. 20 crore to Re 1 crore under EPCG Scheme:-Under the Zero Duty EPCG Scheme, capital goods may be imported at zero customs duty subject to an export obligation to be fulfilled over a period of time. However, in the EXIM policy announced in 1999, textiles sector was unable to avail the facility of zero duty concession due to the restriction that the CIF value of import should be Rs. 20 crores or more. However, the facility of zero duty concession has been extended to Textile Sector by reducing the threshold limit to Re 1 crore under EPCG Scheme with effect from 1.4.1999. Accordingly, the Government has notified certain specified textile machinery to be eligible for Zero Duty import under the scheme. iii) De-linking of export of cotton yarn from the fulfillment of Hank Yarn Obligation:- In order to exclude the deemed export of yarn and the yarn actually used for producing cloth in the producer’s own weaving shed/department of his own factory/company situated within the same municipal or village limits from the perview of the Hank Yarn Packing obligation, the Hank Yarn Packing Notification has been suitably amended. iv) Relaxing count restriction and conditions pertaining to the sourcing of domestic cotton for export of cotton yarn of counts 1s to 40s within the prescribed ceiling for the 100% EOUs/EPCG units:- It has been decided that the EPCG units would be given the same relaxation, as in the case of 100% EOUs/EPZ units for the year 1999, to export cotton yarn without any count restrictions and conditions pertaining to the sourcing of domestic cotton as long as their exports of cotton yarn in count range 1s to 40s are within the prescribed ceiling. v) Levying of Central Excise duty on fabrics processed by Independent processor or Stenter basis:- The Government vide a Notification No.36/98 dated 16.12.1998 has introduced, in place of existing ad-valorem based levy, Central excise duty on production capacity of the independent processors at Rs. 1.5 lakhs per chamber per Stenter per month in case of processed fabric of average value not exceeding Rs. 30/- per sq. mtr. and Rs. 2 lakh per chamber per sq. mtr if the value of processed fabric exceeds Rs.30/- per sq. mtr.. The Government has also notified that the independent processors will not be eligible for deemed MODVAT Credit on inputs/Capital Goods. vi) Setting up
of Cotton Technology Mission:- Indian cotton suffers from very low
yield per hectre, poor quality of seeds, contamination etc. Though the
subject is under the perview of the Ministry of Agriculture, the impact
is felt by Cotton Textiles Industry in general and Cotton Textile Exporters
in particular.
vii) Setting up of Expert Committee on Textile Policy:- The Ministry of Textiles had set up an Expert Committee to review the current Textile Policy and make recommendations towards formulation of a new Textile Policy under the Chairmanship of Shri S R Sathyam (retired Secretary, Ministry of Textiles). The Committee interacted with the Export Promotion Councils/Commodity Boards and after a series of discussions and deliberations on various suggestions, finalised its report and submitted the same to the Government. The Report is under consideration of the Government. viii) Constitution of Exporters Grievance Redressal Cell to co-ordinate the disposal of complaints/petitions/requests:- The High Level Committee on the Redressal of Grievances of the exporters met periodically under the Chairmanship of Secretary (Textiles). The Committee consisting of the representatives from the Department of Revenue, Ministry of Finance, DGFT/ Ministry of Commerce and the Textile Export Promotion Councils, discussed various points raised by exporters. Appropriate decisions on the issues are being taken by the Committee to resolve the difficulties of the exporters. ix) Certain important developments in international textile trade:- a) Dispute with Turkey on quota restrictions The Agreement on Textiles and Clothing (ATC) envisages that after the establishment of the WTO, no new restraints on imports of textile products by one member country on the other should be imposed, except when the same is likely to threaten the local industry of the intending restraining country. Contrary to this prescription, Turkey had introduced w.e.f. 01-01-1996, quotas for Indian exports which consist of 19 categories in view of its joining the customs union with the European Union. After failure of consultations with Turkey on this issue, India had taken the matter before the dispute settlement mechanism. The Panel concluded on May 31, 1999 that the measures adopted by Turkey on 19 categories of textiles and clothing products are inconsistent with the provisions of the GATT and consequently with those of Agreement on Textiles and Clothing (ATC). Hence it rejected the Turkey’s defense that the introduction of any such otherwise GATT/WTO incompatible import restrictions is permitted by any provision of GATT. After this a Notice of Appeal was filed by Turkey before the Appellate Body on the Panel Report on "Turkey - Restrictions on Imports of Textiles and Clothing Products". The Oral hearing of the Appellate Body was held on September 14, 1999. It has communicated its decision on October 23, 1999 and has upheld the India’s plea, against Turkey’s decision to impose textile import quota. Turkey has sought 15 months time to implement the decision. b) Bed linen case with European Union Bed-linen is an important constituent of our textile exports to the EU market. EU is the single largest market for India’s bed-linen products. India is also the second largest supplier of bed-linen items to EU, after Pakistan. The bed-linen exported to the EU is produced by over 100 textile mills in India. European Commission had initiated a new anti-dumping (AD) investigation on 13th Sept.,1996 concerning import of cotton type bed-linen items orginating, inter alia, from India. The other countries covered under the investigation were Egypt and Pakistan. This AD case was preceded by an earlier AD investigation conducted by the EC during (20th January’94 - 9th July’96) concerning "certain type of bed-linen" imported from India, Pakistan, Thailand and Turkey. The imposition of anti-dumping duty, therefore, had a debilitating impact on a wide section of the industry. EC had since imposed definitive anti-dumping duty on imports of cotton type bed linen originating from Egypt, India and Pakistan. The definitive duties had come into force with effect from 5-12-1997. The Government of India decided to contest the EC’s action and initiated the process under the dispute settlement mechanism of the WTO. The WTO has since established the panel on October 27, 1999. The Panel has also finalised time table for the settlement of the dispute. c) BIMST-EC Conference held at Colombo The BIMST-EC (Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Sri Lanka and Thailand - Economic Cooperation) was established in June, 1997 with the adoption of the Bangkok declaration, in order to foster socio-economic problems in the Member countries. The Myanmar was given admission in December, 1997. The meeting of the BIMST - EC Expert Group on Textiles and Clothing was held at Colombo by the Govt. of Sri Lanka on November 11-12, 1999. Excutive Director, the Cotton Textiles Export Promotion Council (TEXPROCIL) attended the meeting on behalf of the Government of India. d) ASPAC-TCIF Conference held at New Delhi The meetings of the
Asia Pacific Textiles and Clothing Industry Forum are being held regularly
for the last 3 years. The meetings are attended by the representatives
of the textile industry and Government officials. The objective of the
Forum is to assess the current and future scenario of textiles and clothing
industry in the Asia Pacific region. 17 countries including India are the
members of the Forum. India had participated in all the earlier three meetings
of the Forum. India hosted the 4th Asia Pacific Textile and Clothing Industry
Forum meeting. It was held successfully on 13-14th December, 1999 at Hotel
Ashok, New Delhi and was attended by 54 foreign delegates besides delegates
from India.
TEXTILES COMMITTEE The Textiles Committee, established by the Textiles Committee Act, 1963, has the primary objective of ensuring quality of textiles both for internal marketing and exports. Its functions include promotion of textiles and textile exports, research in the technical and economic fields, establishing standards for textiles and textile machinery, setting up of laboratories, data collection etc. The Textiles Committee, besides its Head quarters at Mumbai, has 29 Regional Offices. It has set up Laboratories at 15 important centres to assist the industry and trade in testing their products. The Committee has the following functional divisions at headquarters, Mumbai (1) Textiles Inspectorate Wing (2) Textiles Laboratory Wing (3) Market Research Wing (4) ISO Wing (5) Vigilance Cell (6) Accounts Wing, and (7) Administration and Co-ordination. In exercise of the powers conferred on it, the Committee levies and collects cess from all textiles and textile machinery manufacturers at the rate of 0.05% with effect from 1.5.1977. The Cess thus collected is deposited into the Consolidated Fund of India and the budget of the Committee is met from the fund allocated by the Ministry. During the year 1998-99, the Committee remitted to the Government of India Rs. 3068 lakh towards the cess collection, whereas the funds granted to the Committee during 1998-99 were Rs. 1200 lakh. There is a provision of Rs. 1500 lakh during the year 1999-2000. The Inspectorate
wing continued to carry out the statutory and voluntary inspection of textiles,
inspection of material for establishing the loom origin, issue of GSP and
other special certificates during the year. The major work carried out
during 1998-99 and till August’ 99 was as given in the following table.
* For April to August 1999 The laboratories of the Textiles Committee continued to render services to the trade and industry, under the Commercial Testing of Samples Scheme. During the year 1998-99, 37,951 samples were tested under the commercial testing scheme for quality parameters and 1589 samples for eco parameters. The revenue collected was Rs. 77.07 lakh. During the current financial year 1999-2000, from April to August 12455 samples were tested for quality parameters and 585 samples for eco parameters. The revenue collected is Rs. 60.08 lakh. The Market Research Wing of the Committee continued the data collection regarding purchases of textiles from 10, 250 house-holds, selected on a random sampling basis from all over the country. Reports on Consumer Purchases for the years 1993, 1994, 1995 and 1996 were published. A survey on the quality of man-made fibre cloth manufactured by the powerloom sector in and around Ichalkaranji in Maharashtra was conducted and report published. A study on the NIE quota system was conducted. The programme of computerisation of the working of the Textiles Committee at Headquarters, Mumbai was taken up vigorously with the National Informatics Centre (NIC) of the Planning Commission, as the Consultant. The NIC has developed software application programmes for Consumer Panel Household Project, Cess Collection Work, Information System on Sampling Testing, GSP Certification System, Quality Inspection Monitoring System, Ginning Survey, Surat Survey, Ichalkaranji Survey, Library Information System, etc. The software so developed are put to common use. Apart from its regular activities, the Committee undertook the following developmental activities during 1998-99 and continued it during 1999-2000. i) ISO 9000 Quality System Standards- Awareness Programmes, Documentation, Video Films, Training, Implementation. ii) Eco-friendly Textiles- Awareness Programmes, Publications, Video Films, EcoAuditing, Setting up of Eco Testing Laboratories. iii) Setting up of Economic Research & Market Intelligence Units - A step towards information Technology; and iv) Matters relating
to consumer interests
A) Activities relating to ISO 9000 Quality System Standards I) A Model Manual on knitting was released. ii) During the year 1998-99, nine companies were awarded ISO 9000 certificates under the consultancy services provided by Textiles Committee, thus bringing up the number of units certified so far to 30. Twenty six more companies have engaged Textiles Committee as consultant for implementation ISO 9000 Quality System in their units. iii) As a part of the implementation strategy various programmes were conducted during the year 1998-99, the details of which are as under: a) Awareness Programme in 14 units attended by 307participants. b) Statistical Process Control Training Programmes in 11 Units attended by 185 participants. c) Internal Quality
Audit Training Programme in 7 units attended by 109 participants.
B) Activities relating to ISO 14000 Environment Standards: The Committee has
also trained 20 of its personnel in ISO 14000 and has started taking up
consultancy services for implementation of these environment standards
in aspiring units.
C) Eco-Friendly Textiles
D) Setting up of an Economic Research and Market Intelligence Unit (ERMIU) Considering the importance
of information dissemination, Textiles Committee was assigned the task
of setting up of an Economic Research and Market Intelligence Unit with
the main unit in the Textiles Commissioner’s office at Mumbai and satellite
unit each in the Ministry of Textiles at Udyog Bhavan, New Delhi. The main
unit and the satellite unit in the Ministry of Textiles is intended to
service the needs of the Government. The satellite unit in the Textiles
Committee’s office at Mumbai would be outlet for data and report to the
trade and industry on chargeable basis. The NIC is the consultant The ERMIU
units at MOT, New Delhi and office of the Textile Commissioner, Mumbai
have since been commissioned.
E) Consumer related matters As Consumer awareness
and consumer interests in the textile field is of utmost necessity today.
Accordingly the Textiles Committee has set up a Standing Committee under
the chairmanship of the Textile Commissioner. The Standing Committee comprises
the representatives of NGOs involved in consumer protection programmes
and representatives from the trade and industry. The Standing Committee
meets periodically. Complying with the decisions of the Standing Committee,
the regional offices of the Textiles Committee, in co-ordination with the
offices of the Textile Commissioner and Consumer protection organisations
of each region, conducted 34 awareness programmes.
F) Future role of the Textiles Committee During the current financial year 1999-2000, the Textiles Committee will concentrate in the following areas: i) Collection of cess ii) To continue implementation of ISO 9000 in textile units. iii) To continue to provide testing facilities for quality and eco testing and its consolidation depending on the felt testing needs of the textile trade and industry. iv) To provide counseling in the production of quality and eco friendly textiles to the textile trade and industry. v) To prepare model
manuals on ISO 14000, to conduct eco audit and to deal with other environmental/ecological
issues.
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF FASHION TECHNOLOGY (NIFT) National Institute of Fashion Technology (NIFT) was registered as an Autonomous Society in 1986. It is a Government funded institution under the Ministry of Textiles with Secretary (Textiles) as Chairman of the Board of Governors (BOG). Besides the Chairman, there are 17 members on the Board of NIFT, including the Director General who is the Chief Executive Officer of the organization. The present Board of NIFT was constituted on 8.9.1998 for a term of 3 years. NIFT was established in collaboration with the Fashion Institute of Technology (FIT), New York. The genesis of the NIFT was in the idea of an apex institution to cater to the growing needs of India’s evolving fashion industry. Over the years, NIFT has emerged as the premier training institute in India nurturing and creating a bright and able generation of professionals in different areas of fashion technology, meeting the human resource requirements of this vital industry. Its high level of interaction and collaboration with the leading fashion institutions of the world has enhanced the stature and scope for the fashion industry in India to meet the challenges of the industrial competitiveness on a global place. Between 1986-95, NIFT was a single unit entity at Delhi offering a varied range of full time programmes and professional courses. Beginning from July 1995, NIFT has set up under its umbrella, six other Centres located at Bangalore, Calcutta, Chennai, Gandhinagar, Hyderabad and Mumbai. These centres have each a Director incharge who is assisted by a Registrar and a nucleus staff; Director General being responsible for the overall coordination and monitoring of the activities of these Centres. They are under the common management of BOG. The State Level Management Committee (SLMC) of each Centre, consisting of representatives from the Government and Industry and having the Chief Secretary of the State concerned as its Chairman, acts as a link among the Industry, NIFT, State and Central Governments. The Registrar of the Centre is the designated Member-Secretary of the SLMC. NIFT has taken the initiative to form the International Foundation of Fashion Technology Institutes (IFFTI). The conference for formation of this foundation, discussion on modalities of working of the Foundation, the ways and means of financing the activities of the Foundation, etc., was held in the first week of November, 1998. The Conference decided to establish the headquarters of IFFTI at New Delhi and elected Secretary (Textiles) as Chairman of Board of Directors of IFFTI and Director General, NIFT as Chief Executive Officer. Steps were initiated
for formation of the Fashion Designers Council of India. This was registered
as a Society under the Societies Registration Act, 1860 and has started
functioning since December ‘98.
MAJOR LANDMARKS OF NIFT DURING 1999-2000: 1) The First Foundation programme to provide an integrated perspective to the new entrants of regular courses of NIFT was started on 12th July, 1999 at New Delhi and Hyderabad and completed on 31st July, 1999. The programme was held at Delhi as well as at Hyderabad dividing the new batches of students of all the Centres into two groups for the purpose of convenience. From all accounts, the programme could be called a success as it evoked a positive response from the young students and delighted the eminent speakers who had an opportunity to visit the institution for interaction with the students on unique lines. 2) After formation
of the International Foundation of Fashion Technology Institutes (IFFTI),
the First Executive Committee meeting was held under the Chairmanship of
Secretary (Textiles) and Chairman NIFT on 3 - 4 June, 1999 at IFM, Paris.
DG - NIFT who is also the CEO of IFFTI attended the meeting. The Second
Annual Conference of IFFTI at Sao Paulo, Brazil was hosted by Unniversidade
Anhembi Morumbi (UAM), Sao Paulo, Brazil, one of the member -institutes
of IFFTI. The conference was inaugurated by Dr. Gabriel Mario Rodrigues,
Rector, UAM. Mr. L. V. Saptharishi, Director General, NIFT welcomed the
participating member-institutes.
3) A new course titled "BCA / Fashion Information Technology" in collaboration with Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU) was started by NIFT comprising 280 students. This 3-1/2 years course offers a BCA Degree from IGNOU and a Diploma from NIFT. 4) A new Short Term course titled FRMT (Fashion Retail, Merchandising & Training) was commenced from July, 1999. 5) NIFT prepared the Report on ‘Technological Upgradation Needs of the Garment Industry’ and submitted the same to the Department of Small Scale Industries, Ministry of Industry. As a follow-up to this, a seminar was organised in Chennai during July, 1999. This is the major initiative of NIFT in order to galavanise the apparel industry to go in for modernisation on systematic lines under the TUF Scheme of Government of India. In the light of response flowing from this Conference, NIFT proposes to organise similar Conferences at Delhi, Mumbai and Ludhiana to motivate the industry in these Centres. NIFT also has worked out the modalities of setting up a Consultancy Cell in each of the Centres in the GMT Department to provide a number of escort services to the interested apparel industry entrepreneurs. 6) NIFT is in the process of establishing a National Design Centre supported by DC (Handlooms), the facility of which will be utilised by all the Weavers’ Service Centres located all over the Country and National Centre for Promotion of Design & Technology in Handicrafts supported by Development Commissioner (Handicrafts). 7) In aid of the Indian Soldiers who fought on the Kargil front, NIFT organised a fashion show on 12th August, 1999 at Hotel Ashok, New Delhi. This was jointly sponsored by Hotel Ashok, Designers, Models, Choreographers and contributed by way of purchase of tickets by a number of people from the industry and others. An estimated amount of Rs. 4.00 lakhs has been collected and contributed to the Prime Minister’s National Defence Fund. 8) Steps have been taken to strengthen the class-room facilities, library and resource facility of all the NIFT Centres. 9) Computer Education
Programme:
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